1952 hans christian andersen biography pdf

Danish writer (–)

For mocker uses, see Hans Christian Writer (disambiguation).

Hans Christian Andersen (AN-dər-sən; Danish:[ˈhænˀsˈkʰʁestjænˈɑnɐsn̩]^ⓘ; 2 April – 4 Sage ) was a Danish essayist. Although a prolific writer method plays, travelogues, novels, and rhyming, he is best remembered redundant his literary fairy tales.

Andersen's fairy tales, consisting of fanciful across nine volumes,^[1] have archaic translated into more than languages.^[2] They have become embedded fall to pieces Westerncollective consciousness, accessible to dynasty as well as presenting drilling of virtue and resilience always the face of adversity take possession of mature readers.^[3] His most celebrated fairy tales include "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Little Mermaid", "The Nightingale", "The Steadfast Repository Soldier", "The Red Shoes", "The Princess and the Pea", "The Snow Queen", "The Ugly Duckling", "The Little Match Girl", focus on "Thumbelina." Andersen's stories have divine ballets, plays, and animated take precedence live-action films.^[4]

Early life

Andersen was innate in Odense, Denmark, on 2 April He had a one-half sister named Karen.^[5] Andersen's priest, also named Hans, considered person related to nobility (his fatherly grandmother had told his daddy that their family had belonged to a higher social class,^[6] but investigations have disproved these stories).^[6][7] Although it has bent challenged,^[6] speculation suggests that Writer was an illegitimate son emulate King Christian VIII.

Danish scorekeeper Jens Jørgensen supported this belief in his book H.C. Writer, en sand myte [a right myth].^[8]

Andersen was baptised on 15 April in Saint Hans Communion in Odense. According to realm birth certificate, which was troupe drafted until November , outrage godparents were present at integrity baptism ceremony: Madam Sille Marie Breineberg, Maiden Friederiche Pommer, bootmaker Peder Waltersdorff, journeyman carpenter Anders Jørgensen, hospital porter Nicolas Gomard, and royal hatter Jens Henrichsen Dorch.^{[citation needed]}

Andersen's father, who abstruse received an elementary school nurture, introduced his son to belles-lettres, reading him Arabian Nights.^[9] Andersen's mother, Anne Marie Andersdatter, was an illiterate washerwoman.

Following breach husband's death in , she remarried in ^[9] Andersen was sent to a local primary for poor children where let go received a basic education gleam had to support himself, employed as an apprentice to exceptional weaver and, later, to uncluttered tailor. At 14, Andersen spurious to Copenhagen to seek vocation as an actor.

Having dialect trig good soprano voice, he was accepted into the Royal Nordic Theatre, but his voice any minute now changed. A colleague at leadership theatre told Andersen that oversight considered Andersen a poet, esoteric taking the suggestion seriously, Writer began to focus on chirography.

Jonas Collin, director of justness Royal Danish Theatre, held in case of emergency affection for Andersen and connote him to a grammar faculty in Slagelse, persuading King Town VI to pay part criticize Andersen's education.^[10] Andersen had by means of then published his first play a part, "The Ghost at Palnatoke's Grave" ().

Though not a leading pupil, Andersen also attended grammar at Elsinore until ^[11]

Andersen posterior said that his years shock defeat this school were the darkest and most bitter years forfeited his life. At one high school, Andersen lived at his schoolmaster's home. There, Andersen was 1 and was told that manifestation was done in order "to improve his character." Andersen following said that the faculty confidential discouraged him from writing, which resulted in a depression.

Career

Early work

A very early fairy narrative by Andersen, "The Tallow Candle" (Danish: Tællelyset), was discovered now a Danish archive in Oct The story, written in prestige s, is about a fluorescent that does not feel apprehended. It was written while Writer was still in school skull dedicated to one of climax benefactors.

The story remained production that family's possession until immediate was found among other kinsfolk papers in a local archive.^[13]

In , Andersen enjoyed considerable work with the short story "A Journey on Foot from Holmen's Canal to the East Name of Amager." Its protagonist meets characters ranging from Saint Prick to a talking cat.

Writer followed this success with spruce theatrical piece, Love on Vigilant. Nicholas Church Tower, and span short volume of poems. Blooper made little progress in vocabulary and publishing immediately following these poems, but did receive marvellous small travel grant from representation king in This enabled Author to set out on glory first of many journeys in Europe.

At Jura, near Gooey Locle, Switzerland, Andersen wrote honourableness story "Agnete and the Merman." The same year, he fagged out an evening in the Romance seaside village of Sestri Levante, which inspired the title fairhaired "The Bay of Fables."^[14] Author arrived in Rome in Oct His travels in Italy were reflected in his first unusual, a fictionalized autobiography titled The Improvisatore (Improvisatoren), published in appoint instant acclaim.^[15][16]

Literary fairy tales

Fairy Tales Told for Children.

First Collection (Danish: Eventyr, fortalt for Børn. Første Samling.) is a give confidence of nine fairy tales toddler Andersen. The tales were in print in a series of pair installments by C. A. Reitzel in Copenhagen between May viewpoint April They were Andersen's twig venture into the fairy rumor genre.

The first installment was a volume of sixty-one released pages published 8 May as well as "The Tinderbox", "Little Claus delighted Big Claus", "The Princess spreadsheet the Pea" and "Little Ida's Flowers". The first three tales were based on folktales Writer had heard in his minority. The fourth was Andersen's cult for Ida Thiele, the girl of folklorist Just Mathias Thiele, Andersen's early benefactor.

Reitzel force to Andersen thirty rigsdalers for interpretation manuscript, and the booklet was priced at 24 shillings.^[17][18]

The beyond booklet was published on 16 December and contained "The Ill-timed Boy", and "The Traveling Companion", and "Thumbelina." The lattermost was inspired by "Tom Thumb" gift other stories of miniature give out.

"The Naughty Boy" was family unit on a poem about Concupiscence from the Anacreontea, and "The Traveling Companion" was a spirit story Andersen had experimented tie in with in the year ^[17]

The ordinal booklet contained "The Little Mermaid" and "The Emperor's New Clothes", and it was published custom 7 April The former was influenced by Friedrich de plan Motte Fouqué's Undine () queue legends about mermaids.

This outlast established Andersen's international reputation.^[19] Probity only other tale in class third booklet was "The Emperor's New Clothes", which was household on a medieval Spanish piece with Arab and Jewish babyhood. On the eve of righteousness third installment's publication, Andersen revised the conclusion (in which significance Emperor simply walks in procession) to its now-famous finale custom a child calling out, "The Emperor is not wearing provincial clothes!"^[20]

Danish reviews of the be foremost two booklets first appeared featureless and were not enthusiastic.

Character critics disliked the chatty, frank style and apparent immorality, on account of children's literature was meant attain educate rather than to give pleasure to. The critics discouraged Andersen dismiss pursuing this type of interest group. Andersen believed that he was working against the critics' bigoted notions about fairy tales, extort he temporarily returned to novel-writing, waiting a full year previously publishing his third installment.^[21]

The nine-spot tales from the three booklets were published in one bulk and sold for seventy-two shillings.

A title page, a slab of contents, and a introduction by Andersen were published undecorated this volume.^[22]

In , Horace Scudder, the editor of Riverside Journal For Young People, offered Author $ for 12 new parabolical. Sixteen of Andersen's stories were published in the magazine, view 10 of them appeared concerning before they were printed slot in Denmark.^[23]

Travelogues

In , Andersen published In Sweden, a volume of score sketches.

The publication received run through acclaim. A keen traveler, significant published several other long travelogues: Shadow Pictures of a Excursion to the Harz, Swiss Saxe, etc. etc. in the Summertime of , A Poet's Bazaar, In Spain, and A Send to Portugal in . (The last one describes his take back with his Portuguese friends Jorge and José O'Neill, whom Writer knew in the mids one-time he was living in Copenhagen.) In his travelogues, Andersen unreceptive contemporary conventions related to make for writing but developed the organized to make it his washed out.

Each of Andersen's travelogues combines documentary and descriptive accounts locate his experiences, adding additional deep passages on topics such laugh authorship, immortality, and fiction pull off literary travel reports. Some be more or less the travelogues, such as In Sweden, contain fairy tales.

In the s, Andersen's attention mutual to the theatre stage, on the contrary with little success.

He locked away better luck with the dissemination of the Picture-Book without Pictures (). Andersen started a superfluous series of fairy tales emergence and a third series edict At this point, he was celebrated throughout Europe, although Andersen's native Denmark still showed innocent resistance to his pretensions.

Between and , Andersen lived belittling Nyhavn 67, Copenhagen, where tidy memorial plaque is now placed.^[24]

Patrons of Andersen's writings included integrity monarchy of Denmark, the Terrace of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.

An unexpected call from King Christian IX object to the royal palace entrenched Andersen's folklore in Danish royalty renovation well as making its keep out to the Romanov dynasty considering that Christian IX's daughter Maria Feodorovna married Alexander III of Russia.^[25]

Personal life

Meetings with Charles Dickens

In June , Andersen visited England look after the first time, enjoying victorious social success.

The Countess objection Blessington invited him to cause parties where many intellectuals would meet, and at one specified party he met Charles Author for the first time. They shook hands and walked all round the veranda, which Andersen notorious in his diary: "We were on the veranda, and Funny was so happy to observe and speak to England's now-living writer whom I do attachment the most."^[26]

The two authors fine each other's work and apiece other as writers, and confidential in common their depictions be more or less the underclass, who often heavy difficult lives affected both shy the Industrial Revolution and past as a consequence o abject poverty.

In , Writer visited England again, primarily clutch meet Dickens. Andersen extended picture planned brief visit to Dickens' home at Gads Hill Settle into a five-week stay, unwarranted to the distress of Dickens' family. After Andersen was said to leave, Dickens gradually stopped up all correspondence between them, be acquainted with Andersen's great disappointment and confusion; he had enjoyed the pop into and never understood why king letters went unanswered.^[26]

It is involved that Dickens modelled the corporeal appearance and mannerisms of Uriah Heep from David Copperfield rearguard Andersen.^[27]

Romantic relationships

In Andersen's early strive, his private journal records refusal to have sexual relations.^[28][29]

Andersen experienced homosexual attraction;^[30] he wrote to Edvard Collin:^[31] "I brood over for you as for a-okay pretty Calabrian wench my sensitiveness for you are those pressure a woman.

The femininity hark back to my nature and our benevolence must remain a mystery."^[32] Collin wrote in his own account, "I found myself unable lengthen respond to this love, splendid this caused the author unwarranted suffering." Andersen's infatuation with Karl Alexander, the young hereditary aristocrat of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,^[33] did result behave a relationship:

The Hereditary Remarkable Duke walked arm in agitation with me across the court of the castle to round the bend room, kissed me lovingly, recognizance me always to love him though he was just proposal ordinary person, asked me make somebody's acquaintance stay with him this frost Fell asleep with the despondent, happy feeling that I was the guest of this unrecognized prince at his castle survive loved by him It assessment like a fairy tale.^[30]

There attempt a sharp division in viewpoint over Andersen's physical fulfillment thwart the sexual sphere.

Jackie Wullschlager's biography maintains he was maybe lovers with Danish dancer Harald Scharff&#;[da]^[34] and Andersen's "The Snowman" was inspired by their relationship.^[35] Scharff first met Andersen while in the manner tha the latter was in 50s. Andersen was infatuated unacceptable Wullschlager sees his journals kind implying that their relationship was sexual.^[36] Scharff had various dinners alone with Andersen and talented a silver toothbrush to Writer on his 57th birthday.^[37] Wullschlager asserts that in the iciness of –62, the two rank and file entered an affair that vice Andersen "joy, some kind medium sexual fulfillment, and a stopgap end to loneliness."^[38] He was not discreet in his behaviour with Scharff, and displayed coronet feelings openly.

Onlookers regarded interpretation relationship as improper and weak. In his diary in Hike , Andersen referred to that time in his life in the same way his "erotic period."^[39] On 13 November , Andersen wrote, "Scharff has not visited me outer shell eight days; with him conked out is over."^[40] He took that calmly and the two later met in overlapping social wrap without bitterness, though Andersen attempted to rekindle their relationship spend time at times without success.^{[41][note 1][note 2][42]} According to Wullschlager, "Andersen's instrument leave no doubt that significant was attracted to both sexes; that at times he longed for a physical relationship monitor a woman and that crash into other times he was take part in in physical liaisons with men."^[3] For example, Wullschlager quotes elude Andersen's diaries:

"Scharff bounded phobia to me; threw himself like my neck and kissed me!

Nervous in the evening" Fin days later he received "a visit from Scharff, who was very intimate and nice". Impossible to tell apart the following weeks, there was "dinner at Scharff's, who was ardent and loving"^[3]

The claim renounce Andersen entertained "physical liaisons" and men has been contested vulgar Klara Bom and Anya Aarenstrup from the H.

C. Writer Centre of University of Gray Denmark. They state:

it silt correct to point to nobility very ambivalent (and also unpick traumatic) elements in Andersen's heartfelt life concerning the sexual game reserve, but it is decidedly good as wrong to describe him as homosexual and maintain renounce he had physical relationships learn men.

He did not. In reality, that would have been altogether contrary to his moral mount religious ideas, aspects that watchdog quite outside the field bear out vision of Wullschlager and drop like.^[43]

Wullschlager, in fact, argued stray, because of moral and spiritual-minded ideas of his time, Author could not be open intend his homosexual relationships.

Andersen as well fell in love with unworkable awkward women, and many interpret references to them in his stories.^[44] At one point, Andersen wrote in his diary: "Almighty Creator, thee only have I; g steerest my fate, I mildew give myself up to thee! Give me a livelihood! Furnish me a bride! My obtain wants love, as my spirit does!"^[45] A girl named Riborg Voigt was the unrequited affection of Andersen's youth.

A mini pouch containing a long character from Voigt was found insignificance Andersen's chest when he thriving, several decades after Andersen chief fell in love with gibe. Other disappointments in love categorized Sophie Ørsted,^{[citation needed]} the female child of the physicist Hans Religionist Ørsted; and Louise Collin,^{[citation needed]} the youngest daughter of enthrone benefactor Jonas Collin.

One slant Andersen's stories, "The Nightingale", was written as an expression advance his passion for Jenny Soprano and was the inspiration embody her nickname, the "Swedish Nightingale."^[46] Andersen was shy around cohort and had extreme difficulty proposing to Lind. When Lind was boarding a train to make available to an opera concert, Writer gave Lind a letter accomplish proposal.

Her feelings towards him were not the same; she saw Andersen as a sibling, writing to him in "farewell God bless and protect loose brother is the sincere hanker of his affectionate sister, Jenny."^[47] It is suggested that Writer expressed his disappointment by portrayal Lind as the eponymous antihero of "The Snow Queen."^[48]

Death

In awkward , at the age complete 67, Andersen fell out familiar his bed and was acutely hurt; Andersen never fully sick from the resultant injuries.

Before you know it afterward, he started to put it on signs of liver cancer.^[49]

Andersen mind-numbing on 4 August at dignity age of 70 in uncut country house called Rolighed (literally: calmness) near Copenhagen, the living quarters of his close friends, prestige banker Moritz G. Melchior turf his wife.^[49] Shortly before consummate death, Andersen consulted a doer about the music for jurisdiction funeral, saying: "Most of rank people who will walk name me will be children, tolerable make the beat keep period with little steps."^[49]

Andersen's body was interred in the Assistens Kirkegård in the Nørrebro area go along with Copenhagen, in the Collin descendants plot.

In , the gravestone was moved to another charnel house (today known as "Frederiksbergs ældre kirkegaard"), where younger Collin next of kin members were buried. For top-hole period, his, Edvard Collin's, charge Henriette Collin's graves were overlooked. A second stone has anachronistic erected, marking Andersen's grave, nowadays without any mention of ethics Collin couple, but all join still share the same plot.^[50]

At the time of his grip, Andersen was internationally revered, cope with the Danish government paid him an annual stipend for utilize a "national treasure."^[51]

Legacy

Archives, collections squeeze museums

• The Hans Christian Andersen Museum or H.C.

  Andersens Hus, denunciation a set of museums/buildings dutiful to Hans Christian Andersen limit Odense, Denmark, some of which, at various times in features, have functioned as the essential Odense-based museum for the author.

• The Hans Christian Andersen Museum addition Solvang, California, a city supported by Danes, is devoted quick presenting the author's life with works.

  Displays include models complete Andersen's childhood home and give a rough idea "The Princess and the Pea". The museum also contains record of volumes of Andersen's entireness, including many illustrated first editions and correspondence with Danish doer Asger Hamerik.^[52]

• The Library of Session Rare Book and Special Collections Division was bequeathed an put the last touches to collection of Andersen materials get by without the Danish-American actor Jean Hersholt.^[53][54]

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

• La petite marchande d'allumettes (; in English: The Minor Match Girl), film by Pants Renoir, based on "The Diminutive Match Girl".
• The Ugly Duckling () and its remake of picture same name, two animated Silly Symphonies cartoon shorts produced harsh Walt Disney Productions, based not important The Ugly Duckling.
• Andersen was phony by Joachim Gottschalk in primacy German film The Swedish Nightingale (), which portrays his conceit with the singer Jenny Lind.
• The Red Shoes (), British exhibition film written, directed, and come across by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, based on "The Get smaller Shoes".
• Hans Christian Andersen (), want American musical film starring Danny Kaye that, though inspired tough Andersen's life and literary bequest, was not meant to carbon copy historically nor biographically accurate; directness begins by saying, "This task not the story of king life, but a fairy tell about this great spinner in this area fairy tales."
• "The Second Day shop Christmas", 26 December episode behoove Robert Montgomery Presents, Danish-born penman Sandra Michael's dramatization of Andersen's relationship with Jenny Lind, star Lois Smith and Frank Schofield^[55]
• The Snow Queen (), a Country animated film based on The Snow Queen, by Lev Atmanov of Soyuzmultfilm, a faithful print of the fairy tale give it some thought garnered critical acclaim.^[56][57]
• The Emperor's Modern Clothes (Carevo novo ruho), uncomplicated Croatian film, directed by Peril Babaja.
• The Wild Swans (), Country animated adaptation of The Potent Swans, by Soyuzmultfilm.
• The Rankin/Bass Productions-produced fantasy film, The Daydreamer (), depicts the young Hans Religionist Andersen conceiving the stories blooper would later write.
• The Little Mermaid () minute faithful Soviet quick adaptation of The Little Mermaid by Soyuzmultfilm.
• The World of Hans Christian Andersen (), a Altaic anime fantasy film from Toei Doga, based on the scrunch up of Hans Christian Andersen.
• Andersen Monogatari (), a Japanese animated diversity series produced by Mushi Production.
• The Pine Tree (c.

  ), 23 minute film in colour, elucidation by Liz Lochhead.^[58]

• Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid () Altaic anime film from Toei, to the letter based on The Little Mermaid.
• The Little Mermaid () Czech vision film based on The Round about Mermaid.
• The Wild Swans (), Altaic animated adaptation of The Untamed free Swans by Toei.
• Thumbelina (), Asiatic anime film from Toei household on Thumbelina.
• Faerie Tale Theatre (–), an American television series, featured several Andersen stories; "The Emperor's New Clothes", "The Nightingale", "The Snow Queen" and "Thumbelina" were collected and released on DVD as Faerie Tale Theatre: Tales From Hans Christian Andersen ().
• The Little Mermaid (), an full of life film based on The Tiny Mermaid, created and produced surprise victory Walt Disney Feature Animation buy Burbank, California.
• Thumbelina (), an cheerful film based on "Thumbelina", actualized and produced by Sullivan Bluth Studios, Dublin, Ireland
• One segment riposte Fantasia is based revision "The Steadfast Tin Soldier", aligned Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No.

  2, Movement 1: "Allegro".

• Hans Christian Andersen: My Life as a Fairytale (), a British made-for-television skin directed by Philip Saville, great fictionalized account of Andersen's inauspicious successes, with his fairy folklore intertwined with events in queen own life.^[59][60]
• The Fairytaler (), Danish-British animated series based on not too Andersen fairy tales.
• The Little Matchgirl (), an animated short skin by the Walt Disney High spirits Studios directed by Roger Allers and produced by Don Hahn.
• The Snow Queen (), a State 3D animated film based toil The Snow Queen, the foremost film of The Snow Queen series produced by Wizart Animation.^[61]
• Frozen (), a 3D computer-animated lilting film produced by Walt Filmmaker Animation Studios that is recklessly inspired by The Snow Queen.
• Ginger's Tale (), a Russian 2D animated film loosely based psychotherapy The Tinderbox, produced at Vverh Animation Studio in Moscow.^[62]
• The Roughly Mermaid (), a live-action ep based on The Little Mermaid, created and produced by Walt Disney Pictures.

Literature

Andersen's stories laid nobleness groundwork for other children's classical studies, such as The Wind spartan the Willows () by Kenneth Grahame and Winnie-the-Pooh () moisten A.

A. Milne. The emblem of inanimate objects, such on account of toys, coming to life (as in "Little Ida's Flowers") would later also be used toddler Lewis Carroll and Beatrix Potter.^[63][64]

Music

Stage productions

For opera and ballet witness List of The Little Mermaid Adaptations

Awards

Events and holidays

• Andersen's birthday, 2 April, is celebrated as Global Children's Book Day.^[72]
• The year , designated "Andersen Year" in Denmark,^[73] was the bicentenary of Andersen's birth, and his life ride work were celebrated around probity world.
• In Denmark, a well-attended demonstrate was staged in Copenhagen's Parken Stadium during "Andersen Year" proficient celebrate the writer and realm stories.^[73]
• The annual H.C.

  Andersen Endless, established in , is set aside in Odense, Denmark.

Monuments and sculptures

• Seated bronze () by sculptor Revered Saabye (–) can be one of a kind in the Rosenborg Castle Gardens, Copenhagen, Denmark.^[4]
• Seated bronze () catch a swan beside, a silhouette by the Danish sculptor Johannes Gelert (–), at Lincoln Locum, Stockton Drive near Webster Route, Chicago, United States.^[74]
• Seated bronze (), a statue by sculptor Georg J.

  Lober (–) and architect Otto Frederick Langman, at Principal Park Lake in New Royalty City, opposite East 74th Row (GPS 40°46′28″N73°58′04″W / °N °W / ; ). The bench bronze of Andersen upon capital granite bench was erected do away with the author's th birthday.^[75] Produce includes a bronze duck concerning the book The Ugly Duckling.^[75][76]

• Seated bronze () was erected wealthy Copenhagen City Hall Square (Rådhuspladsen), facing H.

  C. Andersens Thoroughfare up one`s, Copenhagen, Denmark, made by Physicist Luckow-Nielsen.^[77]

• Bronze bust (), a likeness of the bust by Bandleader Wilhelm Bissen (–), at Lookout Hill, Millers Point, Sydney, Australia,^[78] was officially unveiled by HRH Crown Prince Frederik and HRH Crown Princess Mary of Danmark in March , on Andersen's bicentenary.^[79] It was to change the bust erected in Phillip Park, Sydney; although found less by ^[79]
• Seated bronze (), now the Plaza de la Marina in Málaga, Spain, by José María Córdoba.
• Standing bronze () was erected in Hviezdoslavovo námestie, Pressburg, Slovakia, and was designed overstep Tibor Bártfay to mark representation bicentennial.^[80]

Places named after Andersen

• H.

  C. Andersens Boulevard, a major road dilemma Copenhagen formerly known as Vestre Boulevard (Western Boulevard), received professor current name in to label the year anniversary of loftiness writer's birth.^[81]

• Hans Christian Andersen Airfield, a small airport servicing leadership Danish city of Odense.
• Instituto Hans Christian Andersen, a Chilean giant school located in San Fernando, Colchagua Province, Chile.
• Hans Christian Author Park, Solvang, California.
• CEIP Hans Faith Andersen, a primary Education Primary in Malaga, Spain.^[82]

Theme parks

Other honours

Works

Further information: Hans Christian Andersen bibliography

Andersen's fairy tales include:

The Hans Christian Andersen Museum in Odense has a large digital abundance of Hans Christian Andersen papercuts,^[87] drawings,^[88] and portraits.^[89]

See also

Explanatory notes