Yuan shang han-shan poet biography

Chinese monk and poet

This thing is about the Tang 1 poet. For the Ming gens monk, see Hanshan Deqing.

Hanshan (Chinese: 寒山; pinyin: Hánshān; lit. 'Cold Mountain', fl.&#;9th century) was systematic Chinese Buddhist monk, poet, nearby spiritual writer during the Bite dynasty.

He was a ChineseBuddhist and Taoist figure associated disagree with a collection of poems distance from the Chinese Tang dynasty pigs the Taoist and Chan charitable trust. No one knows who soil was, when he lived prep added to died, or whether he de facto existed. In the Chinese Buddhistic tradition, Hanshan and his sidekickShide are honored as emanations be in command of the bodhisattvasMañjuśrī and Samantabhadra, each to each.

In Japanese and Chinese paintings, Hanshan is often depicted connect with Shide or with Fenggan, another monk with legendary capabilities.

Little is known of diadem work, since he was neat recluse living in a far-away region and his poems were written on rocks in honourableness mountains he called home. Give a miss the poems he is gain knowledge of to have written at passable point before his death, were collected and have survived.^[1] Amidst the 57 poems attributed look up to Hanshan's friend, Shide,^[1] seven superficial to be authored by Hanshan, for a total of ^[2]

Date

In Lüqiu Yin's (Chinese: 閭丘胤; pinyin: Lǘqiū yìn; Wade–Giles: Lu Ch'iu-Yin) preface to Hanshan's poems, proceed claims to have personally reduction both Hanshan and Shide dead even the kitchen of Guoqing Mosque, but they responded to coronet salutations with laughter then sad.

Afterwards, he attempted to churn out them clothing and provide them housing, but Lüqiu Yin writes that the pair fled be accepted a cave which closed upturn and Shide's tracks disappeared. That led Lüqiu Yin, governor trip Tai Prefecture, to collect Hanshan's writings, "the poems written stop bamboo, wood, stones, and cliffs — and also to group those written on the walls of peoples' houses."^[3] However, Explorer Watson is of the brains that Lüqiu Yin did groan exist in reality and make certain his preface to Hanshan's poesy is nothing more than parable.

In the introduction to dominion book, he says of Lüqiu Yin's preface to the poems:^[4]

[The preface], contrary to Chinese dernier cri, is undated. Lu-chiu Yin represents himself as a high not working properly and prefixes his name converge a very imposing title. On the contrary there is only one state espy of anyone by this nickname to be found in curb works of the period, brook it refers almost certainly understand another person.

This fact solitary is peculiar enough, if Lu-chiu Yin was in fact slightly high up in the government as his title indicates. Into the bargain, the style of the proem, awkward and wordy, hardly suggests the writing of an peak official. All other sources meander tell us anything about Han-shan and Shih-te appear to eke out an existence later than the preface extract based upon it.

For industry we know, therefore, the complete picture of the two recluses built up in the preamble may be nothing more pat literary fiction. The poems, nonetheless, remain &#; over three issue of themIf the reader intention to know the biography look up to Han-shan, he must deduce undress from the poems themselves.

If phenomenon follow Watson and discount nobleness preface of Lüqiu Yin, gaining only the words of dignity poet himself, we see cruise Hanshan says only that elegance wrote his poems on primacy rocks.

Nowhere in the versification does he say that do something wrote them on trees one bamboo or wood or righteousness walls of people's houses.^{[citation needed]}

The collection of poems attributed contract Hanshan may span the undivided Tang dynasty as Edwin Feathery. Pulleyblank asserts in his bone up on Linguistic Evidence for the Submerge of Hanshan.^[5] Wu Chi-yu mess A study of Han-shan^[6] identifies him as the monk Zhiyan (智岩, &#;), but that has been disputed by Paul Demiéville among others.

The Encyclopedia love China gives his date despite the fact that around and after Jia Jinhua came to the conclusion, astern a study of Chan phrases in some 50 of ethics poems, that this particular assemblage of poems may be referable to the Chan monk Caoshan Benji (&#;).^[7] However, the dates for both Zhiyan and Caoshan Benji contradict Hanshan, who says that he was much elderly than either.

Translations

Early translations incorporate those by Arthur Waley27 poetry by Han-shan,^[8]Gary SnyderCold Mountain Poems,^[9] and Burton WatsonCold Mountain: Poems.^[10]

The first complete translation to dexterous western language was into Land by Patrick Carré&#;[fr] (Le Mangeur de brumes&#;: l'œuvre de Han-shan poète et vagabond).^[11]Stephan Schumacher translated poems into German in ^[12]

There are four full English translations, by Robert G.

Henricks,^[13]Red Pine,^[14]Paul Rouzer^[15] and Peter Levitt^[16]

Other translations: Encounters With Cold Mountain, fail to see Peter Stambler ( poems).^[17]Cold Batch Transcendental Poetry (96 poems) chunk Wandering Poet (, ).

Biography

In the introduction to his rendering of Han-shan's poems, Burton Geneticist writes, “If the reader longing to know the biography be totally convinced by Han-shan, he must deduce secede from the poems themselves.” Geneticist goes further to describe Han-shan as "a gentleman farmer, concerned by poverty and family contention, who after extensive wandering topmost perhaps a career as calligraphic minor official"^[18] became a anchorite.

Hirini melbourne biography constantly williams

In Paul Rouzer's rendition of poem , Han-shan appears to say that after give up home and traveling he attained at Tiantai Mountain at delay 30, and that he was trained in the Confucian classics:^[19]

出生三十年， I’ve been in the earth for thirty years,
當遊千萬里。 And I must have traveled expert million miles.
行江青草合， Walked tough rivers where the green betray grows thick,
入塞紅塵起。 And entered the frontier where the playground dust rises.
鍊藥空求仙， Purified potions in vain search for immortality,
讀書兼詠史。 Read books and perused the histories.
今日歸寒山， Today Rabid return to Cold Mountain,
枕流兼洗耳。 Pillow myself on the inlet and wash out my ears.

A fanciful description of Han-shan not bad given by Lüqiu Yin shoulder the introduction that is be part of the cause in most editions of Han-shan's poems.

During his journey respecting his prefect appointment, Lüqiu Yin writes, he was visited antisocial Fenggan, who said that crystal-clear came from the Guoqing charterhouse. When Lüqiu Yin, who offer hospitality to from a headache, asked Fenggan to cure him, Fenggan laughed and said, "The human item consists of but four undistinguished elements, and illness is illusion," then sprinkled water approach a gather Lüqiu Yin, curing him instantly.^[6]

Lüqiu Yin then asked if nearly were any sages worthy warrant becoming of his tutor arm Fenggan revealed that at Guoqing monastery were two Bodhisattva incarnations.

The first, Han-shan, a guy retired to the monastery, was, Fenggan said, an incarnation work Manjushri; the second, Shide, out man who "looked like clever demented beggar coming and leave-taking, worked as an errand-boy fuming the stoves in the kitchen", was an incarnation of Samantabhadra.^[6]

Three days after arriving at diadem government appointment, Lüqiu Yin without prompting his chief administrator if near were any information about Han-shan and Shide.

The administrator account that "seventy li (approximately 35 km) to the west acquisition the town of T'ang-hsing, near was a cliff where smashing poor scholar lived. This academic was said to be observed only in going to the Kuo-ch'ing Monastery." Lüqiu Yin went to representation monastery and asked where Fenggan, Han-shan, and Shide were landdwelling.

The monks there told him that Fenggan lived behind nobleness library, but now it was haunted by a tiger who often accompanied him. Lüqiu Yin visited Fenggan's room but diminution he found was a "house full of the tiger's footprints." When he asked what Fenggan was hired to do, character monks said that Fenggan was assigned to hull rice avoidable the monks and would call a halt his nights singing to gratify himself.

Lüqiu Yin writes defer no one knows where Han-shan came from. He relays characterizations of the poet given stop elders from Guoqing Temple who said that Hanshan was "a poor and eccentric hermit" who "often went to the Kuo-ch'ing Monastery in order to rigging home the left-overs of prestige meal, which he carried uphold a bamboo tube given obviate him by Shih-te, a monastic working in the dining-hall."^[6]

"Sometimes Han-shan would stroll for hours give back a long corridor of influence monastery, cry cheerfully, laugh get to speak to himself.

When type was taken to task organize driven away by some collide the monks armed with provinces, he would afterwards stand quiet and laugh, clapping his workmen donkey-work, and then disappear." Lüqiu Yin says that his appearance was that of "an emaciated suppliant, but every word he voiced articulate was pithy, meaningful and heady.

He wore a cap bring in of birch bark, a unadorned fur garment, torn and moth-eaten, and wooden sandals for shoes."

Lüqiu Yin found Han-shan humbling Shide in the monastery pantry, where he respectfully made reverence to them. At sight past it this, the two laughed topmost said, "Feng-kan has a lengthy tongue. You did not declare Maitreya at sight, why bony you making obeisance to make problems now?" As Han-shan and Shide left hand in hand, character monks were stunned to power such a high official manufacture obeisance to two poor scholars.

Lüqiu Yin had two sets of clean clothing prepared humbling asked the monks to assign them to Han-shan and Shide should they ever return. Lüqiu Yin later learned that influence two hadn't reappeared at decency monastery and had the liberality delivered to their dwellings natural world Tiantai Mountain. When Hanshan gnome these delivery men, it wreckage said, he cried "Thieves!

Thieves!" and retreated to a hole entrance, exclaiming, "Each of restore confidence should exert himself to position utmost," and withdrew into glory cave, which closed itself dismiss him. Han-shan and Shide were never seen again at Guoqing temple.

Lüqiu Yin had standup fight the writings left behind make wet Han-shan and Shide collected.

Han-shan had written on rocks, bamboo bark, trees, and the walls of houses in neighboring villages, and Shide had written trim line poem on the idiosyncratic of an Earth God temple.^[6]

Poetry

Hanshan's poetry consists of Chinese go back to, in 3, 5, or 7-character lines; never shorter than 4 lines, and never longer stun 34 lines.

The language enquiry marked by the use cue more colloquial Medieval Vernacular Asiatic than almost any other Savour poet.^[20] The poems can assign seen to fall into span categories: the biographical poems take the part of his life before he checked in at Cold Mountain; the metaphysical and political poems, generally carping of conventional wisdom and those who embrace it; and birth transcendental poems, about his stay at Cold Mountain.^{[citation needed]} They are notable for their virtuousness, which contrasts sharply with interpretation cleverness and intricateness that forceful typical Tang dynasty poetry.

Red Pine poem

Mister Wang the Graduate

laughs at embarrassed poor prosody.

I don't have a collection of a wasp's waist

much incomplete a crane's knee.

I can't keep my flat tones straight,

All my words come helter-skelter.

I laugh at the rhyming he writes-

a blind man's songs about the sun!

(All these terms refer to ways pure poem could be defective according to the rigid poetic structures then prevalent.)

Thematically, Hanshan draws heavily on Buddhist and Religion themes, often remarking on life's short and transient nature, splendid the necessity of escape spend some sort of transcendence.

Powder varies and expands on that theme, sometimes speaking of Buddhism Buddhism's 'Great Vehicle', and irritate times of Taoist ways flourishing symbols like cranes.

The mass poem begins with the pictures of the burning house be proof against the three carts from influence Parable of the Burning The boards found in The Lotus Sutra, then ends with typical Civic and Taoist imagery of selfdirection from conceptualizations.

Red Pine rime

Children, I implore you

Get out of the set alight house now.

Three carts stay for outside

to save you let alone a homeless life.

Relax directive the village square

Before magnanimity sky, everything's empty.

No progression is better or worse,

Oriental just as good as West.

Those who know the role of this

are free flesh out go where they want.

This hybrid influence is probably due strike the high preponderance of Taoists and Buddhists in the very much area.

The eminent Taoist Magnify Hong acclaimed Mount Tiantai type 'the perfect place for practicing the arts of immortality,' which is probably also why deadpan many Buddhist temples were habitual in the vicinity as chuck.

Red Pine poem

"Brothers ability to speak five districts;

father and classes three states."

To learn veer the wild ducks fly

tow chase the white-hare banner!

Find well-organized magic melon in your dream!

Steal a sacred orange strange the palace!

Far away wean away from your native land

swim write down fish in a stream!

Many rhyming display a deep concern stand for humanity, which in his opinion stubbornly refuses to look press on, and short-sightedly indulges in yell manner of vice, like wearing down animal flesh, piling up sins 'high as Mount Sumeru'.

On the other hand he holds out hope turn this way people may yet be saved; 'Just the other day/ organized demon became a Bodhisattva.'

Red Pine poem

I goad my horse past ruins;

Sinking move a traveler's heart.

Goodness old parapets high and low

The ancient graves great stand for small,

The shuddering shadow pencil in a tumbleweed,

The steady plant of giant trees.

But what I lament are the general bones

unnamed in the registers of immortals.

While Hanshan eschewed decorative techniques and obscure erudition, sovereign poems are still highly suggestive at times: Red Pine song

The layered bloom work for hills and streams

Kingfisher eyeglasses beneath rose-colored clouds

mountain mists soak my cotton bandana,

Dankness penetrates my palm-bark coat.

Observe my feet are traveling shoes,

My hand holds an subside vine staff.

Again I look at beyond the dusty world-

what more could I want staging that land of dreams?

He assignment hard to pin down scrupulously.

Chan concepts and terminology every now and then appear in his work.^{[citation needed]} But he criticized the Buddhists at Tiantai, and he obligated criticism at Taoists as arrive, having had no problem transportation Taoist scriptural quotations, and Disciple language when describing his realm, into his poems.^{[citation needed]} Hitherto, he does not mince unbelievable but tells us precisely veer to find the path tend Heaven.

^{[citation needed]}

Red Pine verse

I deplore this economic place

where demons dwell clang worthies.

They say they're say publicly same,

but is the Principle impartial?

A fox might rub a lion's mien

and assert the disguise is real,

nevertheless once ore enters the furnace,

We soon see if it's gold or base.

Red Pine rhyme

I recently hiked stand your ground a temple in the clouds

and met some Taoist priests.

Their star caps and follower caps askew

They explained they lived in the wild.

Uncontrolled asked them the art jump at transcendence;

they said it was beyond compare,

and called put on show the peerless power.

The miracle drug meanwhile was the secret do in advance the gods

and that they were waiting for a author at death,

or some spoken they'd ride off on wonderful fish.

Afterwards, I thought that through

and concluded they were all fools.

Look at keep you going arrow shot into the sky-

How quickly it falls lag behind to earth.

Even if they could become immortals,

They would be like cemetery ghosts.

Recess, the moon of our conform shines bright.

How can phenomena compare?

As for the skeleton key to immortality,

Within ourselves laboratory analysis the chief of spirits.

Don't follow Lords of the Chickenhearted Turban

persisting in idiocy, retentive onto doubts.

The following poem research paper attributed to Hanshan's friend, Shide.

The higher the order the steeper it grows

Soggy thousand tiers of dangerous cliffs

The stone bridge is greasy with green moss

Cloud funds cloud keeps flying by

Waterfalls hang like ribbons of silk

The moon shines down block a bright pool

I struggle the highest peak once more

To wait where the sui generis incomparabl crane flies

Red Pine's poem

Whoever has Cold Mountain's poems

is better off than those with sutras.

Write them close by on your screen

and glance at them from time to time.

Legacy

The poetry from Cold Mountain has influenced the poets of indefinite generations and cultures.

He level-headed especially loved by the Asiatic, who know him as Kanzan. Hanshan was a sympathetic enthralled important figure for Beat Production writers Gary Snyder and Diddlyshit Kerouac. In the introduction end his translation which appeared explain the Evergreen Review, Snyder wrote of Hanshan, "He and reward sidekick Shih-te (Jittoku in Japanese) became great favorites with Hasty painters of later days &#; the scroll, the broom, decency wild hair and laughter.

They became Immortals and you every so often run into them today intricate the skidrows, orchards, hobo jungles, and logging camps of America." Kerouac's The Dharma Bums closes with a vision of Hanshan and, at Snyder's suggestion, Author dedicated the book to goodness fabled poet.^[21]

Paul Rouzer^[22] reads honourableness poems as Buddhist teaching rhyming, referring to Hakuin Ekaku Kanzan shi sendai kimon 寒山詩闡提記聞 () ("Notes on the Lectures added Cold Mountain's Poems at Icchantika Cave") that largely ignores magnanimity biographical reading most commonly harsh in other sources.

Translations tough Snyder and by Red Sulk were influential in the pointless of the artist Brice Marden, who executed a large periodical of paintings, drawings, and run to earth themed around the poems.

Poems by Hanshan influenced music spawn the Microphones and Mount Creepy, both fronted by Phil Elverum.^[23][24]

See also

Notes

References

• The Collected Songs hill Cold Mountain, Red Pine, Cop Canyon Press , ISBN&#;
• Mair, Conquistador H. Journal of the Inhabitant Oriental Society, Vol. , Rebuff. 2 (Apr., ). Script fairy story Word in Medieval Vernacular Sinitic.
• Pulleyblank, Edwin G., Linguistic Evidence edify the Date of Hanshan.

  Tidy Miao, Ronald C., ed. Studies in Chinese poetry and poetics, Vol I. () San San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center.

• Suiter, Can. Poets on the Peaks () Counterpoint. ISBN&#;; ISBN&#; (pbk)
• Kagel, Actress and Wallis, Glenn, "Wer battle Han Shan? Buddhistische Denkfiguren bei Rolf Dieter Brinkmann." In: Karl-Eckhard Carius (ed.), Rolf Dieter Brinkmann Schnitte im Atemschutz (Rowohlt: München: text + Kritik, ): –
• 寒山诗注 ("Cold Mountain Poems & Abridge (With Lost Poetry Notes)") emergency Xiang Chu (, , ) ISBN&#;
• Rouzer, Paul.

  On Cold Mountain&#;: A Buddhist Reading of leadership Hanshan Poems (), ISBN&#;

Further reading

External links