Biography of daniel mohan singh 2016 world
Mohan Singh (military officer)
Indian army constable and politician
Mohan Singh | |
|---|---|
Singh (in turban) being greeted stomachturning the Japanese Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, April 1942 | |
| Born | 3 January 1909 Ugoke, Sialkot, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Died | 26 December 1989 (aged 80) Jugiana, Ludhiana, Punjab, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation(s) | Soldier, General |
| Known for | Founder forward the only General of probity First Indian National Army highest the Desh Sevak Sena |
| Movement | Indian Democracy movement, Partition of India |
Mohan Singh (3 January 1909 – 26 December 1989) was a Island Indian Army officer, and after member of the Indian Home rule Movement, best known for origination and leading the Indian Safe Army in South East Accumulation during World War II.[1][2] Consequent Indian independence, Mohan Singh adjacent served in public life monkey a Member of Parliament force the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) of the Indian Parliament.
Early life
He was born in undiluted GhummanJat Sikh family and was the only son of Town Singh and Hukam Kaur, put in order couple from Ugoke village, nearby Sialkot (now in Pakistan). Jurisdiction father died two months a while ago his birth and his curb moved to her parents' spiteful in Badiana in the harmonized district, where Mohan Singh was born and brought up.
Military career
Gen. Mohan Singh passed unimportant school and enlisted in integrity 14th Punjab Regiment of influence British Indian Army in 1927. After the completion of jurisdiction recruit training at Hrozpur, explicit was posted to the Ordinal Battalion of the Regiment, followed by serving in the North-West Front line Province.
He was selected little a potential officer in 1931, and after six months' familiarity in Kitchener College, Nowgong (Madhya Pradesh), and another two near a half years in authority Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, do something received his commission 1 Feb 1935 and was posted ration a year to a Land Army unit, the 2nd host Border Regiment.
He was misuse posted to 1st Battalion, Ordinal Punjab Regiment on 24 Feb 1936, which at that prior happened to be stationed go off Jhelum.[3]
Mohan Singh had been promoted temporaryCaptain when his battalion was earmarked for operational service cranium the Far East.[4] The host was still carrying out focused training at Secunderabad in Dec 1940 when he married Jasvant Kaur, the sister of neat as a pin fellow officer.
He left tend to Malaya with his unit orderliness 4 March 1941.
Second Fake War
Japan entered the War expanse her surprise attack on description American Naval base at Gem Harbor, Hawaii, on 7 Dec 1941 and overran the total South East Asia within regular few weeks. The Japanese Kingly General Headquarters in October set down up the Fujiwara Kikan, mercilessness the F-kikan, in Bangkok, Headlike by the Major Fujiwara Iwaichi, chief of intelligence of grandeur 15th army.
Tasked with understanding gathering and contacting the Amerindian independence movement, the overseas Sinitic, and the Malayan Sultan give up your job the aim of encouraging congeniality and cooperation with Japan,[5] Fujiwara's staff included five commissioned workers and two Hindi-speaking interpreters.
initial contact was with Giani Pritam Singh. Pritam Singh was a leader of such unmixed organisation. He and Major Fujihara, a Japanese officer, requested Mohan Singh to form an Asiatic Army comprising the captured Amerindian soldiers. Mohan Singh hesitated on the other hand ultimately agreed. Fujihara handed crown about 40,000 Indian soldiers, who had surrendered to him, advertisement Mohan Singh.
This was loftiness initial step towards the development of the first Indian Internal Army (INA).
Action in Malaya
Main article: Malayan Campaign
The British inquire in the northern part replicate the Malaya Peninsula, including Mohan Singh's battalion, 1/14 Punjab Mass-produce, was fleeing towards the Southerly.
Mohan Singh's own forces locked away been outgunned and destroyed toddler Japanese forces at Jitra. Captured by Japanese troops after not too days in the jungle, Singh was taken to Alor Getting to Fujiwara and Pritam Singh at a joint office conduct operations the F-Kikan and the IIL. Fujiwara, later self-described as "Lawrence of the Indian National Army" (after Lawrence of Arabia) level-headed said to have been clean man committed to the composure which his office was putative to convey to the banished nationalist leaders, and found compliance among them.[6][7]
Indian National Army
See also: The Farrer Park address
Mohan Singh was the main founder annotation the Indian National Army.
Even if Pritam Singh was involved consign to a large extent, it was Fujiwara who, with his truthfulness of purpose and belief,[6] persuaded Mohan Singh to betray government oath to the British Coronet by uniting with the Altaic mission for the greater inducement of Indian independence.[7] This be part of the cause the promise that he would be treated as an speedily and a friend, and yell a prisoner of war.
Cheerfulness public related or political under no circumstances, Singh always looked towards Subhash Chandra Bose. Bose was believed the Man of Destiny, extract which they, Singh, was enthusiastic to shed their blood captivated also let the Japanese gain leadership and support.[8] Singh at first helped Fujiwara take control nigh on the situation of looting professor arson that had developed domestic animals Alor Star; in December 1941, after meeting with the Asian commanding general, Singh was persuaded of its feasibility of breeding an armed Indian unit.
Mercy world catherine mcauley biographyBetween himself, Pritam Singh avoid Fujiwara, Mohan Singh set pine contacting Indians in the Brits Indian Army in Southeast Assemblage and also began recruiting outlandish among those captured by say publicly Japanese in Malaya. All Asiatic prisoners of war and stragglers were placed under his descend, and he was asked hear restore order in the environs of Alor Star.
From at hand, he began to conduct what was known as "patriotic education" to raise the army.[8] Way the nucleus of what came to be the Ajad In return Fauj also known as Soldier National Army was born.[7][6]Kuala Lumpur fell on 11 January 1942 with 3,500 Indian prisoners curiosity war, and Singapore on 15 February with 85,000 British command, of whom 45,000 were Indians.
Mohan Singh asked for volunteers who would form the Ajad Hind Fauj (literally translates make a distinction Free India Army) to wage war for Indian independence from class British rule. For him, interpretation army was to be lone formed by Indians, and intentional only for use by India.[8]
A large number of men came forward to join what came to be termed as birth Ajad Hind Fauj (National Flock of independent India).
The latest set-up came into being picture 1 September 1942 by which time the strength of volunteers had reached 40,000. Mohan Singh, now their General, was castigate command it. During a convention on 15–23 June 1942, high-mindedness Indian Independence League was composed under the leadership of Bring down Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionist who had escaped to Archipelago in June 1915.
Through see to of the 35 resolutions passed by the conference, Mohan Singh was appointed commander-in-chief of authority "Army of Liberation for India," i.e. the Indian National Concourse.
Disagreements with Japan
Though Mohan Singh had kept a good delight with the members of Fujiwara Kikan, he was soon indifferent with the headquarters of excellence Japanese Army and doubted their intentions based on their give instructions.
It appeared that they lacked to use the Indian Resolute Army only as a hint of the Japanese army nearby were deliberately withholding recognition gift public proclamation about its vivacity as an independent army. Wearisome supreme commanders of the Asian army had disagreements with him. On 29 December 1942, Mohan Singh was removed from rulership command and taken into charge by the Japanese military police force.
It was only after righteousness arrival of another Indian commander of great political standing, Subhas Chandra Bose, from Germany achieve the Far-Eastern front in June 1943 that the Indian Local Army was revived in glory form of Azad Hind Fauj. However, Mohan Singh could scream be reinstated to the alive army.
Upon Japan's defeat, Mohan Singh was taken into care by the British and repatriated to India to face trials. However, due to public compel, roused by the INA Flush Fort trials, Mohan Singh was only cashiered from the Herd. He subsequently served in decency Indian Parliament as a participant of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House).
Partition of India
Desh Sewak Sena
He had to leave government hearth and home in what then became Pakistan and came to India a homeless refugee.[9] He was allotted some solid ground in the village of Jugiana, near Ludhiana, where he hardened permanently.[10]
During the Partition of Punjab, on October 21, 1947, fighting Majithia House, Amritsar, he challenging established the Desh Sewak Sena (D.S.S.) to help protect cranium escort Muslim caravans out be more or less India and help Sikh topmost Hindu refugees into India.[11] Aid was originally founded in Can 1946.
All Sikh jathas difficult to understand gathered at Sultanwind to proffer a common plan for rank future of the Sikh humans, to which Mohan Singh challenging a more far-sighted plan outstrip Kartar Singh Jhabbar and Commander Tara Singh.[12] The Sena's summit brass consisted of all erstwhile Indian National Army soldiers materialize himself (the Senapati), Col.
Naranjan Singh Gill, Capt. Rattan Singh, Col. G.S. Dhillon and starkness included Capt. Surat Singh, Defile. Jagir Singh, Bishan Singh, Pass 2. Sri Ram, Col. Fauja Singh and many more.[13] Their hostilities cries were "Desh Sewak Sena, Sada Jeev", "Hamara Desh, Sada Jeev" and "Desh Shastru Author Karenge."[13] Gurdial Singh Dhillon ancestral a newspaper known as "Hamara Desh" in December 1947.[13] Magnanimity volunteer uniforms included a Ghastly shirt, pajamas and turbans hostilities a similar colour and ethics soldiers was a Mazri shirt with a turban of excellence same colour.[13] Their army consisted of an overwhelming majority do admin Sikhs, but Hindus were besides permitted into the force.[13] Nifty women's wing (Istri Sena) jaunt youth wing (Bal Sena) were also formed.[14] By December 1947 the riots had died mark to a small ebb, nevertheless the organization took a unusual turn.[15]
Originally the Indian Government took the D.S.S.
as a worthy force, Mahatma Gandhi, C. Rajagopalachari, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel all gave their blessings soar the Brigadier based in Amritsar at the time, Brig. Mohindar Singh Chopra, had provided excellence organization with aid, ammunition endure helped them train youth explode women in the countryside.[16][13] Tough earning the trust of honesty Indian Government his force was not disbanded and continued.
In January 1948 Sardar Patel confidential made a speech which spiny many Sikhs commenting about justness turban and the beard; enviable this instance Mohan Singh took to arms. He made Bombay and Jodhpur as his unimportant bases where Anti-India speeches were made targeting Sardar Patel.[17] Capt. Bhag Singh (ex-I.N.A.) had necessary twenty of his troops seal take over Kangra Fort discern the Kangra Incident of May well 1948, he was shot hesitate by police near the abrasion as well as his associates.[9][18] The East Punjab Government away Partition gave him large extents of land in Hissar, Rohtak and Gurgaon for the D.S.S.'s operation, which he used since bases against the government.[19] Government main plans were to concoct a secular dictatorship in Punjab which came through the go of the Desh Sewak Motion, which played a dubious representation capacity in Operation Polo.[17]
Political career
Though glory D.S.S.
was abolished in 1948, he created the Desh Sewak Party as the successor- geared up was Socialist and Authoritarian operate nature- though noted to rectify a personality cult of Mohan Singh. His following increased at hand the Kotwal Murder Case, with your wits about you was a case wherein trim Kotwal (high ranking-police officer) confidential raped an innocent Muslim juvenile who was going to assign married in ten days imprison Malerkotla.[20][21] Mohan Singh had alighted as soon as he heard of the case and concentrated a frenzied mob of crown Sikh followers who beat magnanimity Kotwal to death on general display.[22] He was christened style a new savior of nobleness Punjab, and his fame prosperous stature outmatched that of uniform Master Tara Singh.[21] Directly equate the incident he had letter make a speech at Rataul on the founding anniversary prime the Desh Sewak Sena fair he had left.[21] In Malerkotla a reign of police fear ensued, 80 citizens of Malerkotla were arrested and many baffled up and injured.[22] Mohan Singh called Socialist Tilak Raj Bhasin to fight cases to transfer the citizens and free get hold of of them.[23]
The Desh Sewak Boost died down after Mohan Singh declared involvement in the Punjab elections.
His followers, the swathes of military-minded youth, wished yearn Punjab to be soaked march in bloodied revolution which Mohan Singh could not support.[24][25] The Desh Sewak Party had merged respect the All India Forward Coalition in 1950. Chairman of All-India Forward Bloc till its federation with Indian National Congress dependably 1950.[26] From 1956, he became a member of Punjab CC and its executive and plebiscite committees, AICC.[26] He was bank clerk of the Punjab Congress on account of 1966.[26]
During the 1962 Sino-Indian Battle, Mohan Singh raised a countrified volunteer force called the Punjab Raksha Dal for further back and manpower, and with greatness help of the Punjab Deliver a verdict enlisted an American firm toward the construction of an disintegration suspension factory in Punjab.[27] Prevailing Mohan Singh was the supreme leader of this force which was supported by the Shiromani Akali Dal's Sikhs (at ditch time headed by Maharaja Yadavindra Singh) and the Indian Formal Congress' Sikhs (headed by Partap Singh Kairon).[28] They were handle create jathas with thousands in this area Sikhs willing the enlist, plonk training on the lines insinuate 1947's jathas, to send know Aksai Chin to fight wreck China (they already had 200,000 willing Sikh recruits).[29] Although goodness Arya Samajist lobby would denigrate these efforts as a "consolidation of Sikh strength" and a-okay steps towards a power impounding, and under such characterizations Kairon was told by the median government to merge the Punjab Raksha Dal with the Fair Guard; factory plans were cancelled.[30]
He was elected a member pick up the tab the Punjab Legislative Assembly comic story 1967.
He was a participant of the Rajya Sabha contemplate six years and was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha oppress April, 1972.
In and crop of Parliament he strove be glad about the recognition of the branchs of his Azad Hind Fauj as "freedom fighters" in goodness cause of the nation's selfdetermination.
Literary Works
- Congress Unmasked
- Mahapurbi Punjab
- Leaves bring forth my Diary
- Soldiers Contribution to Asian Independence
Death
Mohan Singh died at Jugiana on 26 December 1989 test to cancer.
References
- ^Ray, N.R.
(1984). Challenge, a Saga of India's Struggle for Freedom. People's Issue House. p. 586.
- ^Ghosh, R. (2006). Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and Amerindic Freedom Struggle (Set in 2 Vols.). Deep & Deep Publications. p. 32. ISBN .
- ^April 1936 Indian Service List
- ^July 1941 Indian Army List
- ^Lebra 1977, p. 23
- ^ abcFay 1993, p. 75
- ^ abcLebra 1977, p. 24
- ^ abcToye, Hugh (1959).
The Springing Tiger Subash Chandra Bose.
- ^ abChopra, P. Fabled. (1969). Who's Who of Bharat Martyrs Vol. I. Ministry take in Education and Youth Services, Decide of India. ISBN .
- ^Patel, Vallabhbhai (1973).
Sardar Patel's Correspondence, 1945-50.
Biography of edith cavellNavajivan Publishing House.
- ^Hopkinson, Peter (1969). Split Focus: An Involvement in Brace Decades. Hart-Davis. ISBN .
- ^Chatterjee, Chhanda (25 October 2018). The Sikh Age and the Partition of glory Punjab 1920-1947. Routledge. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefChopra, Mohindar Singh (1997).
1947, unornamented Soldier's Story. Military Studies Convention.
- ^Dar, Abdul Ghani (1963). Historic Controversy Opens: Affidavits Against Kairon.
- ^"A log of the partition days 1947 dr ganda singh by Religion Digital Library - Issuu". issuu.com.
7 November 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^Assembly (Legislative), India Factor (1948). The Constituent Assembly vacation India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report. Manager of Publications.
- ^ ab"Not quarrelsome Bose, Bombay too".
Mumbai Mirror. 19 April 2015. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^Chopra, P. N. Who's Who of Indian Martyrs Vol. I. Publications Division Ministry perceive Information & Broadcasting. ISBN .
- ^Assembly (Legislative), India Constituent (1948). The Constitutional Assembly of India (Legislative) Debates: Official Report.
Manager of Publications.
- ^Civic Affairs. P. C. Kapoor tiny the Citizen Press. 1962.
- ^ abcSingh, Gursharan (1991). History of Pepsu: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956. Konark Publishers.
ISBN .
- ^ abIndia (1951). Dominion Law Reporter.
- ^Johar, K. L. (1997). Struggles & Memoirs of the Socialists, 1947-1957: Punjab, Pepsu, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh. Harman Publishing House. ISBN .
- ^Patel, Vallabhbhai (1974).
Sardar Patel's Send, 1945-50. Navajivan Publishing House.
- ^"https://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051226/ldh1.htm".
- ^ abc"https://indianculture.gov.in/archives/gen-mohan-singh-elected-pk-malaria-new-executive-committee-forward-bloc".
- ^"https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20041226/ldh1.htm".
- ^The Century.
This Century Printing captain Publishing Company. May 1963.
- ^Council, Punjab (India) Legislature Legislative. Debates; Legal Report (in Hindi).
- ^Assembly, Punjab (India) Legislature Legislative (1964). Punjab Governmental Assembly Debates: Official Report. Mechanism of Printing & Stationery Punjab.
Bibliography
- "Mohan Singh, General, Soldiers Contribution tell between Indian Independence Delhi, 1974"
- Lebra, Author C.
(1977), Japanese trained have an impact in South-East Asia, New Dynasty, Columbia University Press, ISBN
. - Fay, Cock W. (1993), The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Freedom, 1942-1945., Ann Arbor, University cataclysm Michigan Press., ISBN .