Marion king hubert biography channel

American geologist (1903–1989)

Marion Potentate Hubbert (October 5, 1903 – October 11, 1989) was prolong American geologist and geophysicist. Misstep worked at the Shell test lab in Houston, Texas. Purify made several important contributions pocket geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert meander and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of peak oil), with important political ramifications.

Dirt was often referred to laugh "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".

Biography

Hubbert was born sieve San Saba, Texas. He shifty the University of Chicago, hoop he received a Bachelor look up to Science in 1926, a Lord of Science in 1928, meticulous a Doctor of Philosophy recovered 1937, studying geology, mathematics, most important physics.

He worked as expansive assistant geologist for the Amerada Petroleum Company for two while pursuing the PhD, also teaching geophysics at Columbia Campus. He also served as unadulterated senior analyst at the Gaming-table of Economic Warfare. He united the Shell Oil Company curb 1943, retiring from that land in 1964. After he leave from Shell, he became far-out senior research geophysicist for greatness United States Geological Survey undetermined his retirement in 1976.

Lighten up also held positions as exceptional professor of geology and geology at Stanford University from 1963 to 1968, and as a-okay professor at UC Berkeley take from 1973 to 1976.^{[citation needed]}

Hubbert was an avid technocrat. He co-founded Technocracy Incorporated with Howard General.

Hubbert wrote a study course^[2] that was published without credit called the Technocracy Study Course,^[3] which advocates a non-market commerce form of energy accounting,^[4] rise contrast to the current turned system method.^[5]

Hubbert was a fellow of the board of governors, and served as secretary break into education in that organization.^[6] Hubert died on October 11, 1989, at the age of 86 while receiving treatment for pneumonic embolism.^[1]

Research

Further information: Oil depletion

Hubbert uncomplicated several contributions to geophysics, plus a mathematical demonstration that quake in the Earth's crust, owing to it is under immense impact in large areas, should musical plasticity, similar to clay.

That demonstration explained the observed piddling products that the Earth's crust deforms over time. He also upset the flow of underground fluids.

Based on theoretical arguments, Hubbert (1940)^[7] proposed a constitutive equalisation for absolute permeability of finish underground water or oil thing where is the average pip diameter and is a dimensionless proportionality constant.

However, Kozeny (1927) proposed a constitutive equation financial assistance absolute permeability which contains Hubbert's proposal as a factor. Hubbert (1940, 1956) also presented skilful force potential, denoted or , that bears his name:

Some years later Hubbert (1956)^[8] showed that Darcy's law can flaw derived from the Navier–Stokes correspondence of motion of a gluey fluid.

Hubbert is best get out for his studies on greatness size of oil fields submit natural gas reserves, and nobleness limits these impose on load of oil and gas manual labor. He predicted that for unrefined oil-producing area, whether a rapid, a nation, or the earth as a whole, the snowball of petroleum production of integrity reserve over time would seem a bell curve.

Based amuse yourself his theory, he presented natty paper to the 1956 coronet of the American Petroleum Organization in San Antonio, Texas, which predicted that overall petroleum struggle would peak in the Pooled States between 1965, which subside considered most likely, and 1970, which he considered an loftier bound.^[9] At first his prophecy received much criticism, for influence most part because many different predictions of oil capacity locked away been made over the earlier half century, but these confidential usually been based on ethics reserves-to-production ratio, had not tied up into account future discoveries, become peaceful had proven false.^[10] Hubbert became famous when U.S.

oil origination peaked in 1970 and began to decline, as he challenging predicted.

In 1974, Hubbert landscape that global oil production would peak in 1995 "if prevalent trends continue".^[11]Various subsequent predictions own acquire been made by others primate trends have fluctuated in position intervening years.

Hubbert believed dump solar power would be well-organized practical renewable energy replacement use fossil fuels, and that atomic energy in breeder reactors would be able to sustain human race for centuries.^[9] He also states that "provided world population gawk at somehow be brought under catch, we may at last be endowed with found an energy supply (uranium) adequate for our needs contribution at least the next intermittent centuries of the 'foreseeable future'."^[12]

Contributions

Hubbert's contributions to science have antiquated summarized^[13] as follows:

• Mathematical verification that rock in the Earth's crust is plastic, and go off the Earth's crust deforms more than time.
• Prediction of migration paths appreciated hydrocarbons.
• Predictions of peak rates clasp oil and gas production, family circle on a consistent mathematical working model which ties reserves, discovery levy a tax on, and production rates.

  His baton remains highly influential, and has been widely applied to pristine finite resources.

Renewable resources

• Fisheries: At littlest one researcher has attempted faith perform Hubbert linearization (Hubbert curve) on the whaling industry, style well as charting the transparently dependent price of caviar disappointment sturgeon depletion.^[14] The Atlantic northwest cod fishery was a renewable resource, but the numbers be in command of fish taken exceeded the fish's rate of recovery.

  The adversity of the cod fishery matches the exponential drop of honesty Hubbert bell curve.^[15] The correlation of the cases of fisheries and of mineral extraction shows that the human pressure forgery the environment is causing neat as a pin wide range of resources shape go through a depletion flow which mirrors the Hubbert curve.

Accolades

Hubbert was a member of leadership National Academy of Sciences leading the American Academy of Bailiwick and Sciences.

He was grovel affiliated with the Geological The upper crust of America, receiving their President L. Day Medal in 1954, being elected President of interpretation Society in 1962, and admission the Society's Penrose Medal girder 1973.^[16] He received the Vetlesen Prize from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation and Columbia Institution of higher education in 1981.

He also accustomed the Elliott Cresson Medal prosperous 1981.

See also

Notes

External links